World leaders are sounding the alarm about a “full-fledged” war, calling for de-escalation after devastating Israeli air strikes in Lebanon ratcheted regional tensions amid Israel’s ongoing war on Gaza.

The attacks, which started on Monday and continued into Tuesday, were Israel’s fiercest against its northern neighbour and have led to Lebanon’s highest single-day death toll since the end of the 1975-90 civil war.

Lebanon’s Ministry of Health said the strikes killed 492 people on Monday, including 35 children and 58 women. More than 1,600 people were wounded in the attacks that hit civilian areas across the country as tens of thousands of people were forced to flee southern areas.

Here are some reactions:

United Nations

Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said he was “gravely alarmed by the escalating situation along the Blue Line”, referring to the demarcation line dividing Lebanon from Israel and the occupied Golan Heights, as well as “the large number of civilian casualties”.

His spokesman, Stephane Dujarric, said the UN chief also “expresses great concern for the safety of civilians, both in southern Lebanon and in northern Israel as well as the UN staff there in those areas”.

UNICEF head Catherine Russell highlighted the “dangerous escalation” that threatens “countless” children.

“Alarming levels of psychological distress” have also been reported among children due to displacement and from the barrage of shelling and air raids, she said, calling for an immediate de-escalation.

Iran

Iran, an ally of Lebanese group Hezbollah that Israel says it is targeting, accused Israel of trying to bait it into a conflict that would have “irreversible consequences”.

President Masoud Pezeshkian said: “We want to live in peace, we don’t want war,” adding, “It is Israel that seeks to create this all-out conflict.”

“We know more than anyone else that if a larger war were to erupt in the Middle East, it will not benefit anyone throughout the world,” he said.

In an interview to CNN, the president said: “We must not allow for Lebanon to become another Gaza at the hands of Israel.”

“Hezbollah cannot stand alone against a country that is being defended and supported and supplied by Western countries – European countries, and the United States of America,” he told the broadcaster.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs called Israel’s strikes “insane” and said they would carry “dangerous consequences”.

Jordan

Foreign Minister Ayman Safadi urged for a global response to de-escalate the conflict, accusing Israel of “aggression”.

“We stress the urgent need for the [UN] Security Council to take immediate action to curb Israeli aggression”.

Egypt

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs called on the UNSC to intervene and denounced any “violations of Lebanon’s sovereignty”.

Egypt, which is a key mediator between Israel and Hamas, has repeatedly warned against a regional escalation, which it said “threatens to drag the region into a comprehensive regional war”.

Expressing “solidarity” with Lebanon, Egypt said it “continues its efforts towards a ceasefire in Gaza”.

Qatar

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned Israel’s aggression “in the strongest terms”.

“[The] continued escalation is primarily due to the absence of any deterrent to Israel’s actions, its continued repeated violations of international law, and its continued impunity,” it said in a statement.

“This reality exacerbates crises, puts the region on the brink of the abyss, and exposes it to more tensions that will have a profound impact regionally and internationally,” it added.

Saudi Arabia

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs said it was following the developments in Lebanon with “great concern” and urged “all parties to exercise the utmost restraint”.

It emphasised the “importance of respecting Lebanon’s sovereignty” while calling on the international community to play a role in de-escalating the region.

United Arab Emirates

The Gulf country expressed “deep concern” and reiterated its stance against “violence, escalation, uncalculated actions and reactions that disregard laws governing state relations and sovereignty”, state media reported.

United States

The US, which has sent Israel billions of dollars in weapons since the Gaza war broke out while also pushing a strained Israel-Hezbollah mediation drive, still held out hope that two parties could step back from the brink of war.

“My team is in constant contact with their counterparts, and we’re working to de-escalate in a way that allows people to return home safely,” said President Joe Biden, who met UAE President Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan at the White House.

While the Pentagon said the US is sending additional troops to the Middle East in response to developments in Lebanon, spokesman Patrick Ryder did not specify the strength of additional forces being deployed or their specific task.

The US has about 40,000 soldiers in the region.

“In light of increased tension in the Middle East and out of an abundance of caution, we are sending a small number of additional US military personnel forward to augment our forces that are already in the region. But for operational security reasons, I’m not going to comment on or provide specifics,” Ryder said.

Group of Seven

The G7 called for a “a stop to the current destructive cycle” that could catapult the “entire Middle East into a broader regional conflict with unimaginable consequences”.

“Actions and counter-reactions risk magnifying this dangerous spiral of violence,” said a statement by the G7, made up of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and the US.

United Kingdom

Foreign Secretary David Lammy said he was “deeply alarmed” by the ongoing air raids in Lebanon and Israel.

“Further escalation risks even more devastating consequences. I repeat my call for an immediate ceasefire on both sides,” he posted on social media platform X.

European Union

Foreign policy chief Josep Borrell warned “we are almost in a full-fledged war” and called for full efforts at de-escalation during the UN General Assembly in New York.

Pointing to the increasing number of civilian casualties and the intensity of Israel’s strikes, he said, “If this is not a war situation, I don’t know what you would call it.”

“Here in New York is the moment to do that. Everybody has to put all their capacity to stop this path to war,” he added.

Flames and smoke rise from an Israeli air raid on the Mahmoudieh mountain, as seen from Marjayoun town, southern Lebanon, on September 24 [Hussein Malla/AP Photo]

Greece

The country that was elected as a member of the UNSC for 2025-26 earlier this year said the escalation showed a collective international failure.

“We have not prevented the spillover, and the more dispersed the war becomes, the more the situation becomes more complicated to be solved,” Foreign Minister George Gerapetritis told the Reuters news agency.

“Lebanon could easily be a zone of tremendous hostility, and this is something that we cannot deal with. It’s a clear minefield.”

France

France said strikes on both sides of the border should “immediately end” and called for an emergency UNSC meeting to address the conflict.

“I’m thinking of the Lebanese people as Israeli strikes have just killed hundreds of civilians, including dozens of children,” said Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot. “These strikes conducted on both sides of the Blue Line, and in the region more broadly, must immediately end.”

Belgium

Deputy Prime Minister Petra de Sutter said she was “shocked” by the casualty toll from Israel’s attacks on Lebanon.

“492 lives lost in Lebanon. +1600 injured. Tens of 1000s were ordered to flee their homes. In 1 day,” she wrote on X.

“This horrendous attack by Israel won’t lead to any solution for the region. Only diplomacy will bring citizens home safely. Only a ceasefire will end the suffering,” she added.

China

Foreign Minister Wang Yi said China firmly backs Lebanon in safeguarding its sovereignty and strongly condemned Israel’s attacks.

“We pay close attention to developments in the region, especially the recent explosion of communications equipment in Lebanon, and firmly oppose indiscriminate attacks against civilians,” Wang told his Lebanese counterpart, Abdallah Bou Habib, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Wang said China would stand on the “side of justice and on the side of Arab brothers, including Lebanon”, according to the statement.

Russia

The Kremlin said the escalation of the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah risked destabilising the region.

“It is, of course, an event that is potentially very dangerous,” risking expansion of the zone of the conflict and “complete destabilisation of the region”, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told journalists.

Democracy for the Arab World Now

The US-based nonprofit said Israel’s actions show “it wants a broad regional war, not just in the occupied Palestinian territory, but also in Lebanon and Iran”.

“The only way to stop its untethered belligerence is to stop rewarding it with more and more American weapons,” said Raed Jarrar, DAWN’s advocacy director.

“Without halting Israel’s attacks in the region, there will be no path to peace, and the consequences will reverberate far beyond Lebanon’s borders.”

Save the Children

The UK-based group highlighted the conflict’s effect on children as they are forced to flee their towns and villages with their families.

“We’re seeing strikes in dozens of towns, families desperately trying to flee with whatever they can carry, children crying, terrified by the sound of drones and fighter jets,” said country director Jennifer Moorehead, noting that some 1.5 million children are out of school due to the conflict.